Why are water wells required to have a minimum separation distance from septic systems?

The correct answer highlights the importance of maintaining a minimum separation distance between water wells and septic systems primarily to prevent contamination from sewage. Septic systems treat wastewater from homes and businesses through a series of processes that break down and filter contaminants in the soil. However, if a well is too close to a septic system, there is a risk that bacteria, viruses, nitrates, and other harmful substances from the sewage can leach into the groundwater. This groundwater is often the source of drinking water, so ensuring a safe distance helps protect public health and maintain water quality.

The other options do not address the primary concern of public health and environmental safety. While enhancing water flow, allowing for maintenance access, and monitoring groundwater levels are relevant considerations in water management, they do not directly relate to the critical need to keep water wells safe from sewage contamination. Thus, the focus on maintaining a safe distance is fundamentally about protecting the integrity of the drinking water supply.