How does groundwater primarily influence wetland ecosystems?

Groundwater primarily influences wetland ecosystems by providing essential moisture, which is critical for the survival of a variety of plant and animal species that inhabit these areas. Wetlands are defined by their unique hydrology, and the presence of groundwater contributes significantly to maintaining the necessary water levels. This moisture supports the growth of diverse vegetation types, which in turn supports a range of wildlife.

In wetland ecosystems, the interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for nutrient cycling, habitat formation, and maintaining biodiversity. When groundwater seeps up into wetland areas, it helps sustain these ecosystems during dry periods, ensuring that plants and animals have the water they need to thrive. This constant supply of moisture creates a suitable environment for the establishment of aquatic plants, which act as both habitat and food sources for various species, thereby reinforcing the ecological balance within wetlands.